緩和法比熱測定
熱緩和法とは、試料に与えていた熱を切った際の試料温度の緩和現象から比熱を求める実験手法です。具体的には、試料の回りに精密に温度コントロール可能な熱浴T0を作り、試料と熱浴との間を比較的弱い熱伝導パス（熱伝導度KW）で結びます。（図1）試料部には小型の温度計とヒーターを装着し、このヒーターに通電する事で試料温度を熱浴よりΔT だけ高い定常状態で保持しておきます。その後、一気にヒーターを切ると熱伝導パスを通じて試料から熱浴に熱が逃げて行きます。この温度緩和過程は通常指数関数型になり、その時定数を解析する事により試料部の比熱を求めます。 この実験手法により、わずか数mg程度の小さな試料の比熱を広い温度範囲かつ強磁場中で測る事が出来ます。比熱からは物質のエントロピーを見積もる事ができて、系のもつ微視的自由度の振る舞いを予想できます。比熱は物質の性質を理解する上で最も重要な物理量のひとつです。我々の研究室では、Heliox ：0.36 [K] < T < 200 [K] 、 B < 12 [T] （図2）
PPMS ：2 [K] < T < 380 [K] 、 B < 9 [T] （図3）
これらの装置により比熱測定を行っています。図4にPPMSでの実際の測定結果を示します。
図1 |
図2 |
図3 |
図4 |
ピストンシリンダーによる高圧下電気抵抗・AC磁化率測定
ハイブリッド型ピストンシリンダーセル（Ni-Cr-Al合金とCu-Be合金の二層構造）を用いて、最大2.5 GPa（25000気圧）までの電気抵抗率・交流帯磁率などのバルク測定が可能です。試料空間が大きいため感度のよい測定が行えるのが特徴です。コンパクトなサイズのため、PPMSや希釈冷凍機などに取り付け可能です。
図1 ピストンシリンダーセル概観
X線を用いた物質評価
アーク炉やプラズマジェット炉で作製した試料をX線を用いて評価します。評価の手法はラウエ法、粉末ディフラクトメーター法、EPMA(Electron Probe Micro Analyzer)です。 ・ラウエ法 図1のようにX線を単結晶試料に当てて、散乱したX線でフィルムを感光させます。このときブラッグの反射条件を満たしてX線が強めあうと図2のように黒い斑点がフィルムに現れます。この斑点の対称性(4回対称、鏡映面等)は結晶の対称性を反映しているので結晶面の対称性、軸方向が分かります。|
図1 ラウエ法の概念図(背面反射法) |
図2 ラウエ写真の例 |
図3 粉末ディフラクトメーター法の概念図
・EPMA 試料に電子線を照射すると図5のような反応がおこります。この中の特性X線いうものは波長が原子によって決まっているX線です。電子線を照射したときに飛び出してくる特性X線の波長のスペクトルを調べることで電子線の当たった領域の構成元素と割合が分かります。
図4 電子線を試料に照射したときの反応
Topics: Double ultrasonic dispersions due to rattling in SmOs4Sb12
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Magnetic-Field-Independent Ultrasonic Dispersions due to Rattling in the Magnetically Robust
Heavy Fermion System SmOs4Sb12 Tatsuya YANAGISAWA, Yoichi IKEDA, Hitoshi SAITO, Hiroyuki HIDAKA, Hiroshi AMITSUKA, Koji ARAKI, Mitsuhiro AKATSU, Yuichi NEMOTO, Terutaka GOTO, Pei-Chun HO, Ryan E. BAUMBACH, and M. Brian MAPLE |
Elastic properties of the filled skutterudite compound SmOs4Sb12 have been investigated by ultrasonic measurements. The elastic constant C12(\omega) shows two ultrasonic dispersions at ∼15 K and ∼53 K for frequencies \omega between 33 and 316 MHz, which follow a Debye-type formula with Arrhenius-type temperature-dependent relaxation times, and remain unchanged even with applied magnetic fields up to 10 T. The corresponding activation energies were estimated to be E2 = 105 K and E1 = 409 K, respectively. The latter, E1, is the highest value reported so far in the Sb-based filled skutterudites. The presence of magnetically robust ultrasonic dispersions in SmOs4Sb12 implies a possibility that an emergence of a magnetically insensitive heavy fermion state in this system is associated with a novel local charge degree of freedom which causes the ultrasonic dispersion. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 80 (2011) 043601. (also available on cond-mat/1010.1387)
Figures (a) Comparison of the ultrasonic dispersions that appear in elastic constant C11 of ROs4Sb12 (R = La-Sm) at several frequencies. Lower arrowheads with numbers 1 and 2 indicate the relaxation point \omega\taui ∼ 1 for i = 1 and 2, respectively. (\omega is ultrasonic frequency and \tau is relaxation time) The displayed data have been shifted to eliminate overlapping with each other and the SmOs4Sb12 data are magnified three times for the \Delta C11/C11-axis. (b) Arrhenius plots of the characteristic parameters of the ultrasonic dispersions (Attempt time: \tau0(i), Activation Energy: Ei) for ROs4Sb12 (R = La-Sm). (*This research was performed at UC San Diego, Hokkaido University, and Niigata University in 2010.) |
Topics: Double ultrasonic dispersions due to rattling in SmOs4Sb12
|
Magnetic-Field-Independent Ultrasonic Dispersions due to Rattling in the Magnetically Robust
Heavy Fermion System SmOs4Sb12 Tatsuya YANAGISAWA, Yoichi IKEDA, Hitoshi SAITO, Hiroyuki HIDAKA, Hiroshi AMITSUKA, Koji ARAKI, Mitsuhiro AKATSU, Yuichi NEMOTO, Terutaka GOTO, Pei-Chun HO, Ryan E. BAUMBACH, and M. Brian MAPLE |
Elastic properties of the filled skutterudite compound SmOs4Sb12 have been investigated by ultrasonic measurements. The elastic constant C12(\omega) shows two ultrasonic dispersions at ∼15 K and ∼53 K for frequencies \omega between 33 and 316 MHz, which follow a Debye-type formula with Arrhenius-type temperature-dependent relaxation times, and remain unchanged even with applied magnetic fields up to 10 T. The corresponding activation energies were estimated to be E2 = 105 K and E1 = 409 K, respectively. The latter, E1, is the highest value reported so far in the Sb-based filled skutterudites. The presence of magnetically robust ultrasonic dispersions in SmOs4Sb12 implies a possibility that an emergence of a magnetically insensitive heavy fermion state in this system is associated with a novel local charge degree of freedom which causes the ultrasonic dispersion. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 80 (2011) 043601. (also available on cond-mat/1010.1387)
Figures (a) Comparison of the ultrasonic dispersions that appear in elastic constant C11 of ROs4Sb12 (R = La-Sm) at several frequencies. Lower arrowheads with numbers 1 and 2 indicate the relaxation point \omega\taui ∼ 1 for i = 1 and 2, respectively. (\omega is ultrasonic frequency and \tau is relaxation time) The displayed data have been shifted to eliminate overlapping with each other and the SmOs4Sb12 data are magnified three times for the \Delta C11/C11-axis. (b) Arrhenius plots of the characteristic parameters of the ultrasonic dispersions (Attempt time: \tau0(i), Activation Energy: Ei) for ROs4Sb12 (R = La-Sm). (*This research was performed at UC San Diego, Hokkaido University, and Niigata University in 2010.) |
